5 symptoms of ovarian cancer every woman should know

Ovarian cancer is often called the "silent killer" because its symptoms can be subtle and easily mistaken for other common health issues. However, recognizing the early symptoms of ovarian cancer can make all the difference in early detection and treatment.

According to the American Cancer Society, a woman's risk of getting ovarian cancer during her lifetime is about 1 in 91. While this type of cancer is less common than breast or lung cancer, ovarian cancer is the fifth-most common cancer among women and remains one of the most serious because it is often diagnosed at a later stage.

By understanding the warning signs of ovarian cancer early on, women can take control of their health and understand the importance of speaking to a healthcare provider if something feels off.

What causes ovarian cancer?

Ovarian cancer begins in the ovaries, which are the reproductive glands responsible for producing eggs and hormones like estrogen and progesterone. While the exact cause of ovarian cancer is not fully understood, several risk factors may contribute to its development, including:

• Genetic mutations, such as those in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes 
• A family history of ovarian or breast cancer
• Age, with about half the women diagnosed being 63 years or older
• Endometriosis

There are currently no cancer screening tests for women who do not have symptoms or are not at increased or high risk of developing ovarian cancer.

5 symptoms of ovarian cancer

One of the biggest challenges with ovarian cancer, as well as other gynecologic cancers like endometrial or cervical, is that its early symptoms are often vague. Many women dismiss these signs as normal digestive issues or the effects of aging. However, persistent changes in your body should not be ignored. Early detection is key to better treatment outcomes.

Five early symptoms of ovarian cancer to be aware of include:

1. Bloating that doesn’t go away

Bloating is a common problem for many women, especially around their menstrual cycle. However, bloating that persists for weeks or worsens over time may be an early sign of ovarian cancer. Unlike typical bloating that comes and goes, cancer-related bloating is often accompanied by pain or a feeling of fullness. Ovarian cancer can cause fluid buildup in the abdomen, making you feel swollen or uncomfortable. If you notice that bloating doesn’t go away even with dietary changes or over-the-counter remedies, it may be time to check in with your doctor.

2. Frequent urination

Many women experience increased trips to the bathroom due to pregnancy, menopause or the simple act of drinking more fluids. However, frequent urination or a sudden urgency to go, even when you haven’t changed your fluid intake, could be a sign of ovarian cancer. This symptom occurs when a growing tumor puts pressure on the bladder, leading to changes in urination patterns.

3. Pelvic pain or abdominal pain

Abdominal and pelvic pain are symptoms that many women experience for various reasons, such as menstrual cramps, digestive issues and muscle strain. However, persistent or unexplained pelvic pain that lasts for weeks should not be ignored. Ovarian cancer can cause discomfort as tumors grow and press against surrounding organs. The pain may start as mild discomfort but can intensify over time.

4. Feeling full quickly or loss of appetite

Have you ever felt full after eating only a small amount? This sensation can be another warning sign of ovarian cancer. Some women with ovarian cancer report losing their appetite or unintentionally dropping weight without changing their diet. A tumor in the abdomen can interfere with digestion, making it uncomfortable to eat even small portions.

5. Unexplained fatigue and low energy levels

Feeling constantly tired or experiencing extreme fatigue without a clear reason can be another symptom of ovarian cancer. Cancer can cause inflammation and impact the body's ability to generate energy, leading to persistent exhaustion. If you find yourself unusually tired despite getting enough rest, it’s worth discussing with your doctor.

Listen to your body and recognize early symptoms of ovarian cancer

Many of these symptoms—bloating, frequent urination, pelvic pain, changes in appetite or feeling tired—can be caused by other, less serious conditions. However, if these signs are persistent and unusual for your body, they should not be ignored. Ovarian cancer is most treatable in its early stages.

Stay informed, listen to your body and don’t hesitate to seek medical advice when something doesn’t feel right. If you or a loved one are concerned about symptoms of ovarian cancer, schedule an appointment with your healthcare provider or find an OBGYN near you.