Thinking about a 3D mammogram? Here’s everything you need to know

If you’ve had a mammogram in the last few years, chances are you’ve heard of a 3D mammogram, also called “tomosynthesis.” You may have even had one by now. But if you haven’t, consider looking into a 3D mammogram prior to your next screening. 

Why? A recent, 10-year study showed that 3D mammograms may be more effective than standard digital 2D mammograms at detecting breast cancer because they provide a more comprehensive, clearer look at the breast.

If you’re considering having a 3D mammogram at your next screening, let’s answer some of the questions you might have.

What is a 3D mammogram?

A 3D mammogram, also called digital breast tomosynthesis, is an imaging test that gives your care team a clearer, more detailed look at your breast tissue than a traditional 2D mammogram.

Instead of taking a single flat image like a 2D mammogram, the 3D technique captures multiple images from different angles. A computer then layers those images to create a three-dimensional view of the breast.

Your radiologist can examine each “slice” of tissue, which can make it easier to spot small or hidden abnormalities—especially in people with dense breast tissue.

The test itself feels the same as a standard mammogram, but the images it produces can offer more information and, in many cases, greater peace of mind.

2D vs. 3D mammogram

Wondering about the differences between a 2D vs. 3D mammogram? Both 2D and 3D mammograms use low-dose X-rays to screen for breast cancer, but the way they capture images and the amount of detail they provide is different.

A 2D mammogram takes two flat images of each breast: one from the top and one from the side. It’s the long-standing standard for breast cancer screening and still widely used. However, because the images are flat, overlapping tissue can sometimes make it harder to see small changes or can create shadows that look concerning but aren’t.

A 3D mammogram takes multiple images from different angles and builds them into a layered, three-dimensional view. This approach allows radiologists to look at breast tissue one “slice” at a time, which can improve the chances of detecting breast cancer early and reduce the need for follow-up imaging to clarify unclear results.

2D mammograms are still effective, but 3D mammograms often offer a clearer picture. Your doctor can help you decide which option is best for your screening needs. Annual mammograms should begin at age 40 (unless your doctor recommends sooner based on your risk factors).

3D mammogram advantages

A 3D mammogram offers several benefits that can make breast cancer screening clearer and more accurate.

Improved breast cancer detection

One of the biggest advantages to a 3D mammogram is improved detection. Because the images are captured in thin layers, radiologists can see through overlapping tissue and spot small abnormalities that might be hidden on a traditional 2D mammogram.

More detailed view

Another plus is that 3D mammograms are less likely to lead to repeat scans. With a sharper, more detailed view, there’s less chance of something looking suspicious when it’s actually normal. That means fewer repeat scans and less stress while waiting for results.

Greater confidence in results

A 3D mammogram can also be especially helpful for people with dense breast tissue, where subtle changes are harder to see. By giving providers a more complete picture, 3D screening can boost confidence in your results.

Overall, the technology doesn’t change the experience of the mammogram itself, but it can make a meaningful difference in what doctors are able to see.

Who needs a 3D mammogram?

Most people who get regular breast cancer screenings can benefit from a 3D mammogram, but it can be especially helpful for certain groups. If you have dense breast tissue, a 3D mammogram can give your radiologist a clearer view, making it easier to spot small changes that might be hidden on a traditional 2D mammogram.

You may also want to consider a 3D mammogram if you’ve had abnormal results in the past, such as unclear images that required follow-up scans. The detailed, layered view from 3D imaging can reduce the chance of being called back for additional tests.

3D screening can also be useful if you have a family history of breast cancer or other factors that put you at higher risk. While it doesn’t replace other risk-based screening tools, it can add another level of detail that brings peace of mind and supports early detection.

For most people, the test feels the same as a standard mammogram—you just get the benefit of enhanced imaging. Your doctor can help you decide whether a 3D mammogram is the best choice based on your breast density, health history and personal preferences.

Schedule your 3D mammogram today

Most women at average risk for breast cancer should start getting annual mammograms at age 40. If you are at a higher risk due to certain risk factors—such as a strong family history of breast cancer or certain genetic mutations—you may need to begin screening at age 30, according to recommendations from the American Cancer Society.

If you’re due for your annual mammogram soon, now is a great time to take charge of your breast health by talking to your doctor about your mammogram options. They can walk you through your risk factors, breast density and screening history to help you make the screening choice that is right for you.

While most insurance providers cover routine 3D mammograms, keep in mind that your coverage may vary depending on your insurance provider and plan.

Whether you opt for a 2D mammogram or 3D mammogram, the most important thing is not to put it off. Staying on top of routine screenings is one of the easiest, most effective ways to protect your health.

Schedule your mammogram today so you can have peace of mind about your health.